英语四六级的学习方法和考试技巧（紧供参考）

以下是我对六级的学习方法和考试技巧的总结，我觉得，四六级没什么区别，就是单词量的问题而已。但在做题的技巧上，是一样的。所以，在考试的时候，技巧是通用的。

首先，是对阅读的解题思路和做题技巧。

在做阅读的时候，先看文章后面的题目，把握好题干。

在看文章的时候，着重看文章的首末句，把握文章中的作者的思路。

一般的，XX人说的话，不看，例如：第三段中的“The soils, known as Terra Preta, contained up to 70times more black carbon than the surrounding soil, ”says Glaser.这句，可以不看。这是文章中的细节，四六级中，一般不考细节，主考主干部分

像是在解释什么的，不看，例如：第一段的This is the unorthodox view of a German soil scientist who has shown that burnt clearings in the Amazon, dating back more than 1,000 years, helped create patches of rich, fertile soil that farmers still benefit from today. 这句，Amazon逗号后面的可以不看（即红色字体的部分不看）

每一段，基本对应每一题。但如果，在这一段，找不到题的答案，就往下一段看。例如：13题，在第三段中，找不到所需的答案，那就往第四段中看。同时，需要注意的是，在做细节题的时候，可能会同时出现几个答案很相似或者都是文章里所涉及到的，都没有错。所以，我们要选一个最准确，最合适的那个。例如：A) studying patches of fertile soils in the central Amazon
文章里，有原文说出这选项，首先，它没有错误，可以放着。
B) examining pottery left over by ancient civilizations
C) test-burning patches of trees in the central Amazon
B和C选项中，都有测试的意思，而文章里却没有体现出来，所以，可以排除B和C两个选项。
D) radiocarbon-dating ingredients contained in forest soils
这是说得最准确的。故选D选项。
虽然，A选项，是正确的，文章里也有说明。但是，D选项，说得比A选项更准确，更清晰，所以，应选D选项。
在做这样的细节题的时候，我们更应该把题目看清楚，不要一看到和文章想符合的选项就选上去，应该把其他的都看完，因为，在细节题中，正确的答案不止一个，有好几个，而我们要选出更好的答案。

接下来，我们从题目开始着手，然后对应文章开始做题。
11题目中，11. We learn from the passage that the traditional view of slash-and-burn farming is that .
Traditional 是传统的意思。在题目中，说传统的观点是XX，那么，相对的，也会有现在的观点是XX。所以，要找到文章里相对应的部分。我们看第一段：抓住首末句的主谓宾结构。
slash-and-burn 这个词，看不懂，没关系，先放着。
Low-level
是低级的意思，是修饰farming的，连在一起，就是低级的农业之类的，后面doesn’t harm rainforest可翻译为对热带雨林不会造成伤害。
首句，还像看不出什么，那就往下看。
On the contrary, it helps farmers and improves forest soils.
doesn’t harm跟helps是同义词，improves也是近义词，可以推断出，第二句跟首句是相接的句子。即在表达同一个意思，就是那个farming可以怎样怎样。
注意第三句，This is the unorthodox view of a German soil scientist who has shown that burnt clearings in the Amazon,
其中，Unorthodox，这个词是非传统的，如果，这个词不懂，没关系，我们可以从11题的题目中猜测一下，传统的观点是怎样，那文章里，肯定会有个现在的观点或者非传统的观点是怎样。
所以，根据文章给出的内容，我们就可以相反的得出11题的答案就是：
B) it destroys rainforest soils
如果不清楚，没关系，我们可以用排除法：
A) it does no harm to the topsoil of the rainforest
C) it helps improve rainforest soils
A和C选项都是说，不会伤害土壤或帮助改善土壤之类的，意思相同，即不选
D) it diminishes the organic matter in rainforest soils
而D选项中，organic涉及到了构词法，顺便也讲下构词法吧。
Organization,相信大家都很熟悉，这是组织的意思。而且，大家也要记住这个最简单的单词。
Organ有器官、机构的意思，这个就要记住了
Organic就是有机的、器官的意思
organic matter即可以翻译为是有机物的意思。
所以，大家在记忆单词的时候，要注意词根。其实，单词万变不离其宗，主要记住了最基本的结构，然后把词根的意思记住就好，剩下的，就可以慢慢的推理出单词的意思，不需要太可以的去把每个单词都记一遍。

而在第一段中，没有涉及到有机物这类的东西，故不选D选项

接下来，看12题
12. Most rainforest soils are thin and poor because .
那我们就往第二段看。
Most rainforest soils are thin and poor because they lack minerals and because the heat and heavy rainfall destroy most organic matter in the soils within four years of it reaching the forest floor.
这里，就已经得出了12题的答案。所以，12题选C 选项
C) organic matter is quickly lost due to heat and rain

13题上面已经说了，那我们就看14题好了。
14. What does Glaser say about the re-growth of rainforests?
其实，通过做上面的三题，和前面几段的内容，我们也大致了解了，作者的态度。做这题时，就算不看文章，我们也可以做得出来。
作者，在第一段就说了Low-level slash-and-burn farming doesn’t harm rainforest. On the contrary, it helps farmers and improves forest soils.已经可以表明，作者是赞同这样的观点的，为此，我们可以认为，作者对这样的做法的态度是积极的。所以，当我们看到，选项中有否定的意思时，就可以排除。
例如：B) They cannot recover unless the vegetation is burnt completely.
Cannot就有否定的意思，所以，B选项可以直接排除
然后，就是分析题目，题目说是say about the re-growth怎样怎样，所以，答案，一般不会出现re-growth之类的词，
A)
They take centuries to re-grow after being burnt.
C) Their re-growth will be hampered by human habitation.
而A和C选项都有re-growth，所以也可以排除A和C两个选项
最后，答案就出来，选D选项

我们来看一下最后一题，
15. From the passage it can be inferred that .
从题目中inferred可以说明，这题是不需要再看文章了。Inferred就是推断的意思，即你从文章和作者的态度中，可以推断出什么。这是纯属的推断题


范文：

Low-level slash-and-burn farming doesn’t harm rainforest. On the contrary, it helps farmers and improves forest soils. This is the unorthodox view of a German soil scientist who has shown that burnt clearings in the Amazon, dating back more than 1,000 years, helped create patches of rich, fertile soil that farmers still benefit from today.

Most rainforest soils are thin and poor because they lack minerals and because the heat and heavy rainfall destroy most organic matter in the soils within four years of it reaching the forest floor. This means topsoil contains few of the ingredients needed for long-term successful farming.
But Bruno Glaser, a soil scientist of the University of Bayreuth, has studied unexpected patches of fertile soils in the central Amazon. These soils contain lots of organic matter.

Glaser has shown that most of this fertile organic matter comes from “black carbon”-the organic particles from camp fires and charred (烧成炭的) wood left over from thousands of years of slash-and-burn farming. “The soils, known as Terra Preta, contained up to 70times more black carbon than the surrounding soil, ”says Glaser.

Unburnt vegetation rots quickly, but black carbon persists in the soil for many centuries. Radiocarbon dating shows that the charred wood in Terra Preta soils is typically more than 1,000 years old.

“Slash-and-burn farming can be good for soils provided it doesn’t completely burn all the vegetation, and leaves behind charred wood,” says Glaser. “It can be better than manure (粪肥).” Burning the forest just once can leave behind enough black carbon to keep the soil fertile for thousands of years. And rainforests easily re-grow after small-scale clearing. Contrary to the conventional view that human activities damage the environment, Glaser says: “Black carbon combined with human wastes is responsible for the richness of Terra Preta soils.”
Terra Preta soils turn up in large patches all over the Amazon, where they are highly prized by farmers. All the patches fall within 500 square kilometers in the central Amazon. Glaser says the widespread presence of pottery (陶器) confirms the soil’s human origins.

The findings add weight to the theory that large areas of the Amazon have recovered so well from past periods of agricultural use that the re-growth has been mistaken by generations of biologists for “virgin” forest.
During the past decade, researchers have discovered hundreds of large earth works deep in the jungle. They are up to 20 meters high and cover up to a square kilometer. Glaser claims that these earth works, built between AD 400 and 1400, were at the heart of urban civilizations. Now it seems the richness of the Terra Preta soils may explain how such civilizations managed to feed themselves.


11. We learn from the passage that the traditional view of slash-and-burn farming is that .
A) it does no harm to the topsoil of the rainforest
B) it destroys rainforest soils
C) it helps improve rainforest soils
D) it diminishes the organic matter in rainforest soils


12. Most rainforest soils are thin and poor because .
A) the composition of the topsoil is rather unstable
B) black carbon is washed away by heavy rains
C) organic matter is quickly lost due to heat and rain
D) long-term farming has exhausted the ingredients essential to plant growth


13. Glaser made his discovery by .
A) studying patches of fertile soils in the central Amazon
B) examining pottery left over by ancient civilizations
C) test-burning patches of trees in the central Amazon
D) radiocarbon-dating ingredients contained in forest soils


14. What does Glaser say about the re-growth of rainforests?
A) They take centuries to re-grow after being burnt.
B) They cannot recover unless the vegetation is burnt completely.
C) Their re-growth will be hampered by human habitation.
D) They can recover easily after slash-and-burn farming.


15. From the passage it can be inferred that .
A) human activities will do grave damage to rainforests
B) Amazon rainforest soils used to be the richest in the world
C) farming is responsible for the destruction of the Amazon rainforests
D) there once existed an urban civilization in the Amazon rainforests